South Africa's manufacturing sector, particularly in automotive, aerospace, medical devices, and electronics, requires high-precision measurement tools. The proposed Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) addresses this need by offering enhanced accuracy and cost-effectiveness compared to traditional

In the coarse particle transportation industry, there are major challenges in pumping mineral suspensions due to water scarcity. As a result, more solids are transported and pipe blockages occur which cause major problems such as environmental spillages and economic losses (pipe replacement, wastage